The Kite Runner Essays Guilt And Redemption - 870 Words

Guilt isn’t always a rational thing. Everybody is guilty of the good things that they didn’t do. Maybe there’s something more that could have been done, there always is right? All that’s left then is the guilt acting as a reminder to do better next time. Redemption is something you have to fight for yourself in a personal way. Some people stray and lose sight of that, some reach it A theme that I feel is strongly laced between these pieces are guilt and shame. In Oedipus Rex, Oedipus and Jocasta were overwhelmed with guilt and shame for breaking the basic rules of moral truths. The disapproval against incest and killing others, especially their own blood relative. The pain is enough to make Jocasta commit suicide and make Oedipus blind†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is a way to be good again, he’d said. A way to end the cycle. With a little boy. An orphan. Hassan’s son. Somewhere in Kabul.† (Hosseini, 226-227) As time goes by the weight of his guilt and shame lifts and he’s able to find peace and redemption. When Sohrab attempts suicide Amir and him both find it difficult to forgive themselves. Sohrab feels used and guilty for Assef’s assault. Amir is also able to feel redeemed of some sorts through his fight with Assef, the boy who had raped Hassan. He felt he was doing right by Hassan when he adopted his half nep hew, Sohrab. In Oedipus Rex it begins by describing miasma, or pollution, and for thebes to be cured of the plague that is coursing around the murderer of the previous king must be killed. They are trying to redeem and save their city from the mistakes they have made. Overall these themes have a deeper message within. There is a saying that we all know that goes, everything happens for a reason. I believe that in these two pieces it shows perfectly how fate works. Without the author having the characters so driven by their feelings, they would never have the motivation to try and make up for the things they feel so horribly about. Without guilt and shame there is no need for redemption, leading me to believe that is significant because it’s what creates the stories. Guilt and shame is something that drives people to try to do their best and redeemShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of Kite Running By Khaled Hosseini1243 Words   |  5 PagesKali Denney Mr. Snyder AP Literature and Composition 11 December 2015 Symbolism of Kite Running In this essay the book being discussed is, Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini’s biography will be discussed as well as the historical influences upon him that affect the novel as a whole. The essay will contain a critical analysis as well as an analysis of the critical response to the work by others. In the novel and now a grown man, the main character Amir recalls events in his childhoodRead MoreThe Kite Runner3049 Words   |  13 PagesThe Kite Runner teaches friendship, atonement Review Royal Hamel Hassan!† I called. â€Å"Come back with it!† He was already turning the street corner, his rubber boots kicking up snow. He stopped, turned. He cupped his hands around his mouth. â€Å"For you, a thousand times over!† he said. So opens the pivotal event in The Kite Runner, a novel by Khaled Hosseini. The movie version, which is now in theatres, was nominated for a Golden Globe as best foreign-language film of 2007. Amir and Hassan, inseparableRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner 1196 Words   |  5 PagesNick St. Sauveur World Literature II 20 November 2015 Mrs. Hogan Kite Runner Essay Amir: Lost In Fear Over the duration of history, it has been shown that guilt not brought to light can do little in the name of personal redemption. Moreover, this is clearly connected with and related to Khaled Hosseini s fantastic novel The Kite Runner, one of which describes as well as shows the thoughts and actions of teens through the story s main character, Amir, and his many adventures as anRead MoreShort Story : The Kite Runner 1246 Words   |  5 Pages 20 November 2015 Mrs. Hogan Kite Runner Essay Amir: Lost In Fear Over the duration of history, it has been shown that guilt not brought to light can do little in the name of personal redemption. Moreover, this is clearly connected with and related to Khaled Hosseini s fantastic novel The Kite Runner, one of which describes as well as shows the thoughts and actions of teens through the story s main characterRead MoreMark Solis. Mrs. Ham . English 12. 02 March 2017. Kite1099 Words   |  5 PagesMark Solis Mrs. Ham English 12 02 March 2017 Kite Runner Essay Can one bury their past, if one acts as if something hasn t happened will it leviate some of the guilt, is it wrong to run away from one’s mistakes? The answer to that question depends entirely on one’s morality so responses vary depending on the individual although the novel’s underlying tone implies that one must atone for past mistakes in order to develop new relationships, one must have the courage to face their demons and makeRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1017 Words   |  5 Pages Kite Runner Comparison Essay In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, several major themes arise. One of the most pronounced theme is the idea of redemption for ones past wrongdoings. The protagonist, a wealthy envious Afghan boy named Amir, retells the traumatic story of his childhood. Once readers learn of his past, they realize the issues he experienced and the events that came into play in the forming of the plots format, from one meaningful quote Hassan says â€Å" for you a thousand times over†Read MoreDr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of my essay is to compare and contrast the historical fiction, drama novel titled, the Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, and the horror, scientific fiction, drama novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson. I will compare the two novels and show hoe these two authors represent how you can take two people that have a lot of guilt and either live with it or change yourself and circum stances. One lives with it by his actions towards hisRead MoreEssay about The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini This essay will discuss the central themes of the book The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini. Because the story is told at a time before the War on Terror, it brings the reader back to an Afghanistan the average American never knew existed and presents the current socio-economic reality of a United States one may choose to ignore. The description of Afghanistan before its many occupations is a tragedy in itself. The Author portrays a country on the cusp ofRead MorePlot Structure Of The Kite Runner1690 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure to portray two divergent effects of losing one’s innocence in a traumatic event. The plot structure of the novels also reinforces the idea of innocence. The plot structure for The Kite Runner is chronological, but the plot structure for The God of Small Things is circular. In his novel, The Kite Runner, Hosseini begins to dive into the distinction by beginning the novel with introducing the main character, Amir, and his friend Hassan. Hosseini ma kes sure to note that the two boys are fromRead MoreThe Kite Runner1867 Words   |  8 Pagesmain protagonists in A Complicated Kindness and The Kite Runner convey that identities are socially constructed. Identity is shaped through the following factors: parenting, conflict, culture, gender, and genetics. These factors all intertwine and are the main influencers for shaping the protagonists identity. This is formed by the people that surround a person, their cultural stereotypes, how they teach others, and how a person learns. This essay will discuss how these factor effect identity and why

Importance of Effective Communication Free Essays

IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION In this age of competition communication is the number one problem of the management. Competition,  complex  methods  of  production,  large  scale  operations  and  specialisation  in  production  functions  have  increased  the  importance  of  communication. Without  effectivecommunication  a  manager  cannot  perform  his  duties  well. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Effective Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communication  is  as  essential  to  business as blood is to the human body. Success of the communication system affects the successof business. The following points will prove its  importance in business: 1. Smooth  Working of a  Business Firm Communication is necessary for the successful smooth and unrestricted working of anenterprise. All organisational interaction depends upon working of an  enterprise. All organisationalinteraction depends upon communication. The manager co-ordinates the human and the physicalelements of an organisation into an  efficient and working unit that achieves common objectives. Beit an activity of purchase or sale or production or finance it is the process of communication thatmakes  cooperative  action  possible. The  internal  and  external  communication  process  of  anorganisation  decides  the  various  activities  to  be  done  and  various  objectives  to  be  achieved. â€Å"Communication is basic to an organisation’s existence from birth of the organisation through itscontinuing life when communication stops, organised activity ceases to exist. † 2. Basis of Managerial Function Communication  plays  an  important  role  in  discharging  the  various  functions  of  management. No function of management is possible without the communication process. Itsimportance in performing the various functions is as  follows:i. Planning : Planning the most important among the functions of management, requiresextensive communication among the executives and the other personnel. Communication isimportant in executing a planned programme and then controlling the activities of the  personnel with the help of feedback information. ii. Organisation :  Organisation  is  the  second  important  function  of  management  whichdecides  the  various  activities  of  an  organisation,  divides  them  into  workable  units,delegates authority to perform the. For this purpose, communication is a must becausedifferent persons, departments and group come to know their powers and jurisdiction onlythrough an effective means  of communication. iii. Direction and Leadership : Direction and effective leadership requires an efficient systemof communication in an organisation. A good leader can direct or lead his subordinatesonly when an efficient system of communication is present. It brings both the leader andthe subordinates in close contact with each other and removes  misunderstanding if any. iv. Motivation An efficient system of communication enables management to change theattitude  of  the  subordinates  and  to  motivate,  influence  and  satisfy  them. Most  of  theconflicts in business are not basic but are caused by misunderstood motives and ignoranceof facts. Proper and timely communication between the interested parties, reduces the  points of friction and minimises those  that inevitably arise. v. Co- ordination : The present day big organisations, designed on the basis of specialisationand division of labour are constituted of a large number of people. In order to achieve thedesired objective, it is very necessary to co-ordinate the efforts of labour engaged in thevarious  activities  of  production  and  the  organisation. Co-ordination  requires  mutualunderstanding about  the  organisational goals  and the  mode of  their accomplishment;  andthe interrelationship between the works being performed by various individuals. vi. Control : Communication aids in controlling the activities of the individuals departmentand groups. The facts standards and information are  communicated to the concerned partiesand they perform their respective obligations according to the standards set forth in the  plan. . Maximum Production at Minimum Cost Every organisation aims at getting the maximum output at the minimum cost and for this  purpose it requires an effective internal and external communication system. In the external field,and efficient communication system  helps in  improving public  opinion  ha ving  contacts  withgovernment departments and getting market information in order to achieve the  primary goals. 4. Prompt Decision and  its Implementation In order to make prompt decisions, fact collecting process is necessary. Information must  be received before any meaningful decision and for this purpose communication is a primaryrequirement. Again to  implement the  decision  effectively its  communication to  subordinatesconcerned is essential. Thus, decision-making and its implementation require and effective systemof communication. 5. Building Human Relations Man is the most active and effective factor of production and good human relations are the  basis  of  cooperation  and  industrial  peace  that  requires  good  working  conditions  and  work-environment. As  we  have  discussed  earlier  communication  is  a  two-way  traffic  which  helps  promote  cooperation  and mutual  understanding between the  two partners of  an  organisation. Efficient  downward  communication  helps  the  management  to  tell  the  subordinates  what  theorganisation wants and how it can be performed. On the other hand upward communication helpsthe workers in putting their grievances and suggestions and reactions to the policies, before themanagement. 6. Job-satisfaction and  Good Morale Morale is the human element that motivates a man to work in the right spirit. Goodcommunication removes the possibility of misunderstanding among the parties  concerned. Workersknow what they have to do and how it creates a sense of cooperation among them. It increases themorale of the workers and each worker will have job satisfaction. 7. Avoids Illusion While passing through various stages information may be distorted by interested partiesand many create illusion and misunderstanding among persons. Illusion is the great enemy of  communication. An  efficient  system  of  communication  aims  at  removing  illusions  andmisunderstanding by communicating facts and figures. 8. Contacts  with External  Parties Communication is essential not only for the internal management of the organisation but italso helps contacts with the outside world. Contact with outside agencies such as customers,associations,  other manufacturers, advertisers,  suppliers,  trade  unions,  research  councils  andinstitutions, etc. are necessary for furthering the interests of the organisation. It increases thegoodwill of the firm and helps in  creating a favourable public attitude towards the organisation. Steps to Make Communication Effective In order to remove barriers to communication an open door communication policy should  be prepared and followed by managers at all levels. The superiors in the organisation must createand atmosphere of confidence and trust in the organisation so that the credibility gap may benarrowed down. Major efforts in this direction are: 1. Two-way communication The  organisation’s  communication  policy  should  provide  for  a  two-way  traffic  incommunication upwards and downwards. It brings two minds closer and improves understanding  between the two parties the sender and  the receiver. A sound feedback system should be  introducedin the organisation so that distortion in and filtering of messages should be avoided. There should  be no communication gap. 2. Strengthening Communication Network The communication network should be strengthened to make communication effective. For  this  purpose  the  procedure  of  communication  should  be  simplified,  layers  in  downwardcommunication should be reduced to the minimum possible. Decentralisation and delegation of  authority  should  be  encouraged  to  make information  communication  more efficient,  throughfrequent meetings, conferences and timely dissemination of information to the subordinates. 3. Promoting  Participative  Approach How to cite Importance of Effective Communication, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsibility Activities

In your initial paper, identify the disaster and a company, and then explain how the company became involved. Be sure to describe the event you are analyzing, specifying which companies stepped in to assist and how they offered their products and services, or possibly revenues as well. In your opinion, did the corporations involvement provide it with some form of benefit in the long run? Are consumers even aware of the companys involvement? What was the communication strategy following the CSR activity? In study we will talk about Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster which was a disaster that place on 11 March 2001 and resulted in a meltdown of three of the six nuclear reactors of the plant. This failure of the plant occurred when the plant was hit by a tsunami that was activated by an earthquake of 9.0 magnitudes, due to which on 12 March the plan started releasing huge amount of radioactive material, which made it one of the largest nuclear disaster in the history. After this incident people living within 21 km radius of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant and 11 km radius of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant were vacated. Although no short term radiation exposure fatalities were reposted due to this nuclear disaster, it was reported that some 15, 885 had lost their lives, 6150 injured and 2600 people were missing due to the earthquake and tsunami and by August 2013 some 1,600 were reported which were related to the evacuation conditions, such as closure of hospitals and because of people living in temporary housings (Santos, 2013). The earthquake that took place was most powerful earthquake in Japans history and was the fourth most powerful earthquake that hit the World. In this disaster about 127, 300 buildings were totally collapsed, 272, 790 buildings were half collapsed, and 748,000 buildings were partially damaged. In this disaster around 4.5 million households in Northeastern Japan were left without any electricity and another 1.4 million were left without any water. Early estimates of this disaster put insured losses from the disaster at US $ 14.6 to 34.5 billion. The Bank of Japan offered US $ 184 billion to the bank on 14 March in an attempt to normalize the condition of the market. The estimated cost of World Bank was US $ 234 billion which made it the costliest natural disaster in the history of the World. Dell and Hawlett-Packere both are American companies which are privately owned technology company, while Dell is based in Texas, U.S., Hawlett-Packere is based in California, U.S. Following this devastating tsunami and earthquake in Japan Hawlett-Packere and Dell got together to help the victims and about 250 laptops and long lasting batteries were transported to Japan. With this Dell also donated about 100 laptops that were to be used with Microsofts mobile connection so the centers for volunteers could be provided with free internet access (Markgraf, 2012). Employees from both the companies also volunteered for their time, they travelled to Japan to help the victims, and they helped in cleaning the streets and mud-filled gutters of Japan. These volunteers also provided about 1,000 backpacks which were filled with food, supplies and books for elementary children, so they do not miss their studies in the time of this disaster. This help from the companies helped a lot at the time of the disaster; this made a good image of the companies and showed that all are together at the time of disaster (Egeland, 2011). As this is not new for these companies to help in th e time of such disasters, not many consumers are aware about this particular help. Reference Egeland, B. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrievedfrom https://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/articles.php [Accessed on January, 2015] Markgraf, B. (2012). Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Retrievedfrom https://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/nuclear/safety/accidents/Fukushima-nuclear-disaster/ [Accessed on January, 2015]Santos, F. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility: The Key To Attracting Retaining TopTalent. . Retrievedfrom https://www.forbes.com/sites/insead/2013/11/12/corporate-social-responsibility-the-key-to-attracting-retaining-top-talent/ [Accessed on January, 2015]

M-CHAT IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ASD Essays - Psychology, Psychiatry

M-CHAT IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ASD Author's Name Institutional Affiliation Autism Spe ctrum Disorder (ASD) is a conditio n that is identified by anti-socialism or just abnormal socialisation, display of behaviours that are stereotypical, repetition in words and actions and general lagging behind of the brain among the children (Mayes, Black Tierney, 2013) . One cannot easily identify this defect in young infants for it can be easily mistaken for a mental delay in growth. However, in the later stages of development, if the mind tends to lag as previously noted and repetition of behaviours and even words spoken, there is the need for screening for identification for ASD in order for early treatment (Matson, Kozlowski, Fitzgerald Sipes, 2013) . It is among the neurodevelopmental disorders better termed as Persuasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). These diseases do not interfere with the physical state but rather the mental; examples of similar diseases are childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger's disorders among muc h more that affect the child like the ASD. Its most definite signs begin to be noticed when a child clocks the age of about 2-3 years but in rare cases, it is possibly identified by 18 months. Parents who identify children with this disorder are strongly advised to report the matter to a medical practitioner as early as possible for early treatment can make it go away as soon as the treatment commences. Possible symptoms include pretending play (though this should be reinforced with other characteristics because not all children who pretend play suffer from autism, others undergo anxiety or loneliness.), proto-declarative pointing and monitoring of gaze for abnormally long periods. Pretend play begins to be noticed at the age of 12-15 months where the child is observed doing strange things like it is not alone. Protodeclarative pointing, however, is noticed at about 9-14 months of age and is one of the most crucial pointers towards autism taking form; this is why the most suitable age for autism screening is 18 months because all the symptoms can be evident for easy identification. The most recent creation of CHAT has greatly aided in the identification of this disease. This " Checklist for Autism in Toddlers " (CHAT) was created to be able to diagnose ASD based on the reports that parents would bring forward with the help of CHAT (Mayes, Calhoun et al., 2009) . It comprises of 14 questions involving the child that the parent should answer, these questions are divided into section A and B. Section A basically asks about the normal behaviours the children with autism display and it comprises of nine questions. The parents are asked how the child conducts itself in matters concerning tumble play, its functional play, if the child displays proto-declarative pointing and if signs of roughness have been noted. This first section will try to determine whether the boy is compliant with it or not (Ravi, Chandrasekaran, Ka ttimani Subramanian, 2016) . Section B with the remaining five questions is for the medical practitioner to answer basing the answers on his personal observation of the child. Autism can be identified by the way the child gazes at objects, how the child keeps itself busy (pretend play), how it socializes with those around or those who come to interact with it and eventually the practitioner will gauge his answers with that of the parent thereby coming to a conclusion based on the questionnaire. These questions take roughly 15 minutes and by the end, the diagnosis is arrived at, this makes it convenient for use even at schools and other places children come to interact. Some children may pass some questions but fail in others, this is normally carefully looked at and if the child has failed in some important areas like proto-declarative pointing or developmental delays noted, the screening is done once again to minimise chances of error (Mayeset al., 2013) . With the assistance of CHAT, a sample of about 16,000 children was compiled and scrutinised and from that 10 children were found to have autism that were slightly above 3 years but not more than 4 years of age. There are two levels of autism screening that aid in the diagnosis. Level

Criminal Justice Essays - Searches And Seizures, Warrants

Criminal Justice Essays - Searches And Seizures, Warrants Criminal Justice Reason to Search The two vehicle stops were made for different reasons. The first vehicle, the white Toyota Camry, was stopped because it fit the description of a vehicle that was just used in a bank robbery. This gives the police probable cause that the vehicle contains evidence of criminal activity. According to Carroll v. United States that is sufficient reasoning for a stop (211). The second vehicle had the drivers side brake light out. This is sufficient cause to pull the vehicle over because that is a traffic violation. In Whren v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the true motivation of police officers in making traffic stops was irrelevant as long as they had probable cause to believe that a traffic law had been broken (211). I feel that both stops were justified and neither violated the rights of the suspects. Fitting the description of suspects and being in the general vicinity of the crime is adequate evidence to pull a vehicle over and check out the situation. The second stop was made because the driver had violated a traffic code. Since the vehicle is breaking this law the police have the right to pull over that vehicle. The officers even took the vehicle to the station to obtain a search warrant when the suspect objected. Both stops were done in a legal manner. The warrant less search of the white Toyota Camry was justified because the suspect did not say no when the officer asked to search the vehicle. The officer did not come right out and ask if he could search the trunk, but the suspect never objected. Instead the suspect begins to not cooperate which leads to more suspicion. The behavior of the suspects and the fact that neither suspects objected to the search is reason enough to for a warrant less search. If the suspects in the white Toyota Camry had been advised of their Miranda rights before the search of their vehicle then the police would have had to obtain a search warrant. But by denying the police the right to search your vehicle is almost implying guilt in itself. I think the only difference getting a search warrant would have done is prolonged the police finding the evidence in the trunk. Either way I think the situation would result in the police finding the rifle and the suspects getting arrested. If the officers had opened the trunk and found no evidence of the robbery then I think they could only take the suspects in for questioning. Since this questioning would be in an accusatory manner then the suspects would need to be advised of their Miranda rights. If the suspects exercised their right to an attorney then they would be advised to keep their mouths shut. Without evidence to incriminate the suspects then the suspects would be released and probably questioned again later. With the only basis for charging being that the suspects and their vehicle fit the description of those in a robbery then in all likelihood the suspects would not be charged.

The Battle of Hong Kong in World War II

The Battle of Hong Kong in World War II The Battle of Hong Kong was fought December 8 to 25, 1941, during World War II (1939-1945). One of the opening battles of the conflict in the Pacific, Japanese troops commenced their attack on the British colony the same morning as their attack on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. Though badly outnumbered, the British garrison mounted a tenacious defense but were soon forced from the mainland. Pursued by the Japanese, the defenders were ultimately overwhelmed. Overall, the garrison succeeded in holding out for over two weeks before finally surrendering. Hong Kong remained under Japanese control until the end of the war. Background As the Second Sino-Japanese War raged between China and Japan during the late 1930s, Great Britain was forced to examine its plans for the defense of Hong Kong. In studying the situation, it was quickly found that the colony would be difficult to hold in the face of a determined Japanese attack. Despite this conclusion, work continued on a new defensive line extending from Gin Drinkers Bay to Port Shelter. Begun in 1936, this set of fortifications was modeled on the French Maginot Line and took two years to complete. Centered on the Shin Mun Redoubt, the line was a system of strong points connected by paths. In 1940, with World War II consuming Europe, the government in London began reducing the size of the Hong Kong garrison to free troops for use elsewhere. Following his appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the British Far East Command, Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham requested reinforcements for Hong Kong as he believed even a marginal increase in the garrison could significantly slow down the Japanese in the case of war. Though not believing that the colony could be held indefinitely, a protracted defense would buy time for the British elsewhere in the Pacific. Final Preparations In 1941, Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed to dispatch reinforcements to the Far East. In doing so, he accepted an offer from Canada to send two battalions and a brigade headquarters to Hong Kong. Dubbed C-Force, the Canadians arrived in September 1941, though they lacked some of their heavy equipment. Joining Major General Christopher Maltbys garrison, the Canadians prepared for battle as relations with Japan began to falter. Having taken the area around Canton in 1938, Japanese forces were well positioned for an invasion. Preparations for the attack began that fall with troops moving into position. Battle of Hong Kong Conflict: World War IIDates: December 8-25, 1941Armies Commanders:BritishGovernor Sir Mark Aitchison YoungMajor General Christopher Maltby14,564 menJapaneseLieutenant General Takashi Sakai52,000 menCasualties:British: 2,113 killed or missing, 2,300 wounded, 10,000 capturedJapanese: 1,996 killed, around 6,000 wounded Fighting Begins Around 8:00 AM on December 8, Japanese forces under Lieutenant General Takashi Sakai began their attack on Hong Kong. Commencing less than eight hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese quickly gained air superiority over Hong Kong when they destroyed the garrisons few aircraft. Badly outnumbered, Maltby elected not to defend the Sham Chun River line at the colonys border and instead deployed three battalions to the Gin Drinkers Line. Lacking sufficient men to fully man the lines defenses, the defenders were driven back on December 10 when the Japanese overran the Shing Mun Redoubt. Retreat to Defeat The rapid breakthrough surprised Sakai as his planners anticipating needing a month to penetrate the British defenses. Falling back, Maltby began evacuating his troops from Kowloon to Hong Kong Island on December 11. Destroying harbor and military facilities as they departed, the final Commonwealth troops left the mainland on December 13. Japanese forces attack the Tsim Sha Tsui Station in Hong Kong. Public Domain For the defense of Hong Kong Island, Maltby re-organized his men into Eastern and Western Brigades. On December 13, Sakai demanded that the British surrender. This was promptly refused and two days later the Japanese began shelling the islands northern shore. Another surrender demand was rejected on December 17. The next day, Sakai began landing troops on the islands northeastern coast near Tai Koo. Pushing back the defenders, they were later guilty of killing prisoners of war at Sai Wan Battery and Salesian Mission. Driving west and south, the Japanese met heavy resistance over the next two days. On December 20 they succeeded in reaching the south coast of the island effectively splitting the defenders in two. While part of Maltbys command continued the fight on the western part of the island, the remainder was hemmed in on the Stanley Peninsula. On Christmas morning, Japanese forces captured the British field hospital at St. Stephens College where they tortured and killed several prisoners. Later that day with his lines collapsing and lacking critical resources, Maltby advised Governor Sir Mark Aitchison Young that the colony should be surrendered. Having held out for seventeen days, Aitchison approached the Japanese and formally surrendered at the Peninsula Hotel Hong Kong. Major General Christopher Maltby meets with the Japanese to surrender Hong Kong, December 25, 1941. Public Domain Aftermath Subsequently known as Black Christmas, the surrender of Hong Kong cost the British around 10,000 captured as well as 2,113 killed/missing and 2,300 wounded during the battle. Japanese casualties in the fighting numbered 1,996 killed and around 6,000 wounded. Taking possession of the colony, the Japanese would occupy Hong Kong for the remainder of the war. During this time, the Japanese occupiers terrorized the local population. In the wake of the victory at Hong Kong, Japanese forces embarked on a string of victories in Southeast Asia which culminated with the capture of Singapore on February 15, 1942.​

Metformin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metformin - Essay Example Metformin needs not be used during surgery.Intake of metformin needs to be avoided before or after any surgery,e.g. Dental surgery. Doctor who is about to carry out the surgery should be provided with the knowledge of patient`s consumption of metformin.. Around 48 hours are prescribed by the doctor to wait for the medical procedure to start again. If any of the following symptoms is experienced by the patient after taking metformin then the doctor should be contacted immediately. Extreme tiredness, stomach ache, dizziness, fast or slow heartbeat, weakness, nausea, vomiting, deep and rapid breathing or shortness of breath; dizziness, lightheadedness, flushing of the skin; muscle pain or feeling cold. Consumption of alcohol needs to be mentioned too. The patient need not carry out heavy drinking. Use of alcohol may lead to development of lactic acidosis or may result in a rapid decrease in blood sugar.A geriatric patient is requested not to take metformin without the doctor`s prescript ion. The adult`s medical history is extremely important as the use of the metformin may lead to several unfortunate consequences, worsening the patient`s condition. Adults aging over 80 years old may develop a chance of life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis. If the geriatric patient has experienced stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis, or coma, heart, liver and kidney diseases.  If the following symptoms are experienced during the consumption of metformin, then the doctor should be visited soon.

Microsoft Company and how its foundation impacts the world Assignment

Microsoft Company and how its foundation impacts the world - Assignment Example Some of these programs include helping people in case of disasters; human rights and online safety are the other ways the firm commits to the CSR programs. Sadly, the opposite happens when a firm fails in realising as much profit as it should especially in the case of Microsoft. Since the company is evidently committed to its CSR programs, it is imperative that constant analysis of its strategies and other factors be carried out. In this paper, the purpose is to analyse Microsoft Company and the effects of its foundation in the world. Microsoft is a US-based multinational company that specialises in computer technology including software, personal computers and consumer electronics. Some of the best software products include Microsoft windows, Microsoft Office, internet explorer and Office suite. Recently the firm entered into the hardware products including Xbox games tablet, Microsoft Surface. Other services the firm offers including Internet search program, Bing. The company was founded in 1975 by two men, Bill gates and Paul Allen, and is currently headquartered in Redmond, Washington (Carter et al, p.1634). The company’s market share started sharing in the 80s when it produced an operating system called, MS-DOS. The production of Microsoft Windows elevated the company. The number of products it has produced since its inception has evidenced the firm’s commitment to innovation. In the case of operating systems, the company embraced innovation by releasing several versions including Windows XP, Windows vista, Windows 7 and the most recent windows 8 and 8.1. After buying Nokia’s devices, Microsoft has shown great commitment to mobile phone users by enabling windows 8 to be accessible through mobile phones (Pittel, p.63). The market share for Microsoft is has remained the highest among the other firms in the same industry. Additionally, besides

The Pursuit of Happyness Essay Example for Free

The Pursuit of Happyness Essay America is a land of great hope and opportunity, but with its many benefits, there are also flaws, such as a large homeless population. The Pursuit of Happyness is a movie based on a true story about a man named Chris Gardner, and his struggle to live a happy life. Jonathan Kozol’s essay, â€Å"The Homeless and Their Children† is about Laura and her struggle to maintain a good life for herself and her family. Will Smith, as Chris Gardner, in The Pursuit of Happyness is very similar to Laura from â€Å"The Homeless and Their Children† because they both are unable to provide for themselves or for their families, and do not have a stable place to live thus, supporting Kozols picture of homelessness. Both have different causes for being homeless, but share similar effects. Chris Gardner’s story starts in 1981, in San Francisco. He is a very smart and hard worker who deeply cares about his wife, Linda, and son, Christopher. Gardner takes a chance and invests his life savings into a device called a bone-density scanner. He goes around selling these from door to door. Soon the people stop buying it, due to it being expensive. This leaves Chris on his knees, with his wife leaving him and moving to New York, with very little money, and being kicked out of his apartment. His wife tries to take her son, but Gardner refuses. He then applies for a stockbroker position at Dean Witter, but in order to get that position he has to go through training for six months without pay. At the same time, the government takes what little money he has left in his bank account for his taxes. This makes him unable to pay for the rent, leaving him and his son homeless. From this point on, Gardner goes through numerous hardships such as sleeping in a bathroom, searching for a job day by day, and finding a way to feed himself and his son. Chris does not give up at all, but rather works even harder for that one and only position, which is also being pursued by nineteen other people. In one scene, he tells his son â€Å"Hey! Dont ever let somebody tell you You cant do something. Not even me. All right†? Chris finally gets the job, goes to his son, and embraces him. In â€Å"The Homeless and Their Children,† Jonathan Kozol visits the Martinique hotel and interviews one of the homeless families. He decides to call the mother Laura. She has four children and they face many difficulties. Her oldest son has been diagnosed with lead poison, and the youngest daughter with scabies. The hospital keeps sending letters to her, but due to her illiteracy, she is not able to read them, thus preventing her from helping her children. She also has many problems with her home. Her room’s radiator is broken, and the bathroom plumbing has overflowed. Laura has four rooms in her apartment and each is more dangerous than the other one. The screws are loose in the crib; the corners of the beds are sharp and unprotected. Just by being homeless, she has enough problems, but also being illiterate only adds more. Her apartment also has big rats that come out at night and bite sometimes. Laura has gotten into many arguments with the manager of the building and complained to him about fixing the problems â€Å"Why you give my son lead poison and you didn’t care?†(Kozol, p.308) of her apartment, but he just ignores her and says that she is causing trouble for him. On Christmas, her children complain that they did not get any presents, but Laura tells them you will get something soon. Laura faces many numbers of problems each day, but she does not give up. She says â€Å"I figure: Go to church. Pray God. Ask him to help. I go on, my knees, I ask Him from my heart†. (Kozol, p. 309). Chris Gardner and Laura are similar in that they have both made wrong decisions in their lives. Gardener invested in the bone density machine, Laura, being young, got drunk with a boy, and that lead to her having a child. Laura did not believe in abortion so she kept the child however; she should n ot have had any more children since she was not capable of taking care of them by herself. Gardner on the other hand had to only worry about his one son and his son become a motivation for him to exceed in life and be a good father. Another similarity is that both individuals tried to make things better for there families. Laura did her best to read and since she could not read, she tried to understand the pictures she saw in the newspapers, grocery store etc, to help better her life. Gardner was capable of reading but he had a changed in career even though he did not poses the right education for the job that he was going for, he taught himself many things and ended up getting the job. The cause of Gardners ending up homeless was a bad financial decision. The effect of his homelessness was that he was unable to find a suitable place to operate from. He had to bounce around from motels after motels and eventually homeless shelters, which made his life more difficult. Laura ends up being homeless because she never got a chance to be educated, and then she got married very early and had kids, and this became a burden for her. The cause and effect on the society are that people can appreciate the little things they take for granted just by imagining themselves in Laura’s situation, and learn how harsh a life of a homeless person is. The society can learn from this, and thus, choose to help people like Laura by volunteering. The effect of Gardner’s story is that his patience and perseverance became an inspiration to the society. The Pursuit of Happyness portrayal of a homeless person is very similar to Kozol’s portrayal of homelessness. They both are unable to support their families, Gardner cannot find a job, due to Laura’s illiteracy she is unable to reply to the hospital or the welfare department. In this situation for both characters, many things can be done to improve their lives. First of Laura should have done something to keep her childrens father around all the time. When a family supports each other, they are successful and are able to prosper through many hardships. In case of Mr. Gardner, he should have made his early decisions carefully and through consulting family members and other who might have knowledge in the product that he was investing in. These two stories are very similar but with very different endings. In the end, people should not blame problem on themselves or others, instead they should come together and find a solution.

IQ and the Controversy Concerning Human Intelligence :: Biology Essays Research Papers

IQ and the Controversy Concerning Human Intelligence Human intelligence is an eel-like subject: slippery, difficult to grasp, and almost impossible to get straight [3]. Many scientist and psychologist have made numerous attempts to come up with an explanation for the development of human intelligence. For many years, there has been much controversy over what intelligence is and whether it is hereditary or nurtured by the environment. Webster's dictionary defines intelligence as "the ability to acquire and apply knowledge; which includes a sensing an environment and reaching conclusions about the state of that environment [7]. In this paper I am going to examine the factors, which make up ones intelligence. I will be investigating whether or not intelligence is fostered by genetic heritance or nurtured by ones environment. "There can be of course no serious doubt that differences in environment experiences do contribute to variation in IQ [5]. The environment is made of circumstances, objects, and conditions by which a human, animal, plant or object are surrounded in science. It has been argued that the environment in a child's developing years could in fact be a factor that will determine this IQ. In a study of adoptive and biologically related familys psychologist Scarr and Weinberg recognized that with children between 16 and 22 years of age, environment was more powerful in influencing IQ level in the young child, than the young adult. Scarr and Weinberg reasoned that "environment exerts a greater influence on children, who have little choice; as they age, diversity age, diversity and availability of choices expands, and if these choices are at least partially determined by genetic factors, the influence of environment is there by diminished. Heritability is a term from the population of genetics. It refers to"the capability of being passed from one generation to the next [1]. Intelligence has for centuries been considered as fixed trait. A number of investigators have taken an approach that intelligence is highly heritable, transmitted through genes [3]. Kinship studies have shown that the habitability of IQ is significantly less than 1.0, and recent attempts to model kinship correlation especially in children have agreed that IQ is influenced both by the child's parent and the environment. Other factors such as parental affection, birth order, gender differences, and experiences outside the family, accidents, and illnesses may account for IQ. Writer of Hereditary Genius, Francis Galton developed a theory know as the "genius theory.

Important Factors in Employee Motivation Essay

Important Factors in Employee Motivation The motivation of employees is one of the most vital requirements in the contemporary business development. People from all works of life may hold distinct views towards the topic that what are the radical motivating factors. Actually, it was salary that used to be considered as the most important motivators, as financial reward was comparatively proposed to be traded on impelling hirelings’ motivation, according to some early theories(Wiley,1997). However, some different factors of motivation, which now are universally favored by companies and conglomerates, may be more essential than personal emolument. This essay attempts to demonstrate these major factors in motivating employees, including empowerment, esteem demands and compensation in both physical and psychological aspects. Delegating more responsibility to workers is an efficacious way to increase job satisfaction, as well as employees motivation (Herzberg,1987 cited in Madura,2008). It means employees may be motivated by being involved in general affairs or being offered the power to participate in decision making, which can be equivalently called empowerment (Madura,2008) and this has been executed at numerous companies or by some notable people such as Warren Buffet. Once he left the investment in his manager and employees’ charge even without any periodical supervision, only in the case that the manager demanded to have a deliberation for exigent matters. Therefore,the personnels were empowered and they would devote all themselves to work, in order to accomplish a better consequence, since so colossal responsibility were on their shoulders (Luke,2011). Strikingly, it not only promoted the production but also increased employees’ enthusiasm and required capacity for later work. In addition, Tesco, a world famous conglomerate for commodity and service offering, also attaches importance to responsibility delegation. It stages informal discussion annually, deliberating salary raise with the workers and constantly adopt proper recommendations for food going onto the cartes in its restaurants from the staff. Employees thence be motivated to provide their enterprise with creative and proper ideas(The Times 100, 2010), cumbering with considerable duties. Equally important, esteem demands such as self-respect and respect from others,especially recognition for the works the employees have done can impel motivation to a certain extent. Full appreciation for hard work could helps erect self-esteem by concentrating on employees’ value for the firm and then the company may capacitate employees to reach their needs (Madura,2008). Nonetheless, although employees do need appreciation for work done, investigation illustrates that employers merely acknowledge recognition for employees’ work . Also, principles for presenting appreciation, consisting of description of required actions, explanation for appreciating and expressing gratitudes (Cherrington, 1992, pp. 2-3,cited in Wiley, 1997) should be followed, otherwise, it might be invalid. Take Tesco for example, it usually makes its employees feel satisfied in work by communicating with them regularly to help employees set individual goals and sum up the work they have done. What’s more,Tesco invites its workers to participate in a survey named Viewpoint every year, affording them the chances to present any opinions on nearly all fields of their work. T hus, employee motivation becomes higher as the value they have in various aspects are recognized and get the respect from their firms. Sufficient compensations related to employee outstanding achievement, can have positive effects on reinforcing employees because people will usually be motivated by being rewarded for their work. Financial rewards, together with non-financial factors, contributes to people’s getting into the swing of their job. For example, some firms like Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company offers bonuses to workers based on its profit and the average money that Nucor pays to its employees as premiums can even be more than the medial base salary(Madura,2008). Both of the two companies compensate employees with financial rewards. Apart from that,some non-financial factors may do a more adequate job of motivating workers, such as personal skill promoting and developing opportunities (The Times 100,2010). According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, self-actualization is the final category to reach but beneficial to people if fulfilled. Best Buy organized a program to gather some employees to work and live together, getting trainings and texts. Meanwhile they were required to discuss to think of ideas for their goods sale. During this program, people who performed well in the groups can even had an opportunity to get extra management training and they then would be more likely to get promotion. Consequently, Best Buy motivated employees by promoting them with additional trainings as compensations besides pay raises and could enhance the enterprise’s creativity at the same time (Reena,2009 cited in Luke, 2011). Still some people, however, may insist on advocating salary as the most important factor in motivating. Although it is true that payment, as a kind of physiological need among five categories of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, is the foundation that people depend on for existence, itwill not absolutely result in increasing of staffs activeness. Instead, inadequacy of hygiene needs will lead to employees’ dissatisfaction for work. Dissatisfaction dose not mean no satisfaction because â€Å"dissatisfaction† may produce negative influence while â€Å"no satisfaction† will just keep unchangeable(Herzberg, 1987). As a result, adequate salary will only prevent employees from becoming dissatisfied rather than motivating them. Furthermore, as market conditions have transformed speedily and innovation continues, most people do not just work for money to survive, but for experiencing the life and actualizing personal worth. In this case, salary may have almost little effect in motivating, compared with other motivators mentioned above. From what have been discussed above, motivation now is extremely a significant problem in management of business and companies all over the world and it is widely acknowledged that fundamental factors to motivate employees need to be correctly understand. Management practices in companies and theories published by experts both contribute to the fact that important factors in motivation are complex and more than just salary. Delegating responsibility to employees can empowers them to be more active in work and appreciating the work they have done will meet individual esteem needs, preventing them from feeling undervalued. While compensation includes salary raises and non-financial rewards both can affect employees job satisfaction related to motivation.

People Living on the Continent of North America Suffer 9 Times More Chronic Fatigue and 31 Times More Chronic Depression

A recent study shows that people living on the continent of North America suffer 9 times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic depression than do people living on the continent of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20 grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease–preventing properties.Thus, North Americans should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a way of preventing fatigue and depression. The purposes of this idea try to convince the audience that the people who are living in North American continent should usually eat soy for preventing fatigue and depression. To support his proposal, he explains that, the fact of people, who are living in Asia continent, have average eating soy equal to 20 grams per day.The point is that in North America continent, no anyone eating. Nevertheless, I still found that his reasons are inconven ience in the following aspects. First of all, the writer indicates that number of people who are living in North America continent have suffer 9 times and 31 times more chronic fatigue and depression respectively than the Asian people. However, this statistic may be wrong. Static should depend on time interval. But this static don’t specific time what year of research.For example, if you research while USA has economic problem, the value of fatigue and depression should higher than Asia continent. Secondly, He expected that soy has phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease – preventing properties. However, eating soy or not may be not the essential reasons. Sometime, it is style of living. For example, in most country in North America continent are urban while country in Asia almost are rural.So this is the make sense reason, which make static of fatigue and depression in North America has the value more than in Asia. Simply put, the a rgument offered by the writer is still weak. If he wants improve the credibility, he should provide more data, especially about when time of survey and other control variable like status of economic. If I have to assess this argument, I would need evidence when time of survey of chronic fatigue and depression and status of economic.

Waste Tire solutions essays

Waste Tire solutions essays In the United States there is a serious safety problem, and economic opportunity. Automotive tires are often forgotten about when it comes to maintenance, and disposing of them. The Federal Government has billions in grants available for companies to find alternative uses for tires other than land filling. Few companies have volunteered their services because there is a lack of technology, and economic incentive to recycle tires. Land filling has some short-term benefits, but in the long-term, the health effects will affect you from disease-ridden mosquitoes, and pollution, to uncontrollable tire fires. In 2000 there were almost 300 million used tires discarded in the United States, over half of the tires were recycled or elese untilized for other applications. Approximately 110 million were either legally land filled or illegally added to the over 800 plus million tires that are already land filled in the United States. (ARC Inc) Waste tires represent a number of environmental, health and safety hazards to the public, as well as a public nuisance. In the state of Pennsylvania, about 12 million scrap tires are generated a year. While approximately 16 million scrap tires remain in large stockpiles scattered throughout the sate. (DEP- 4/26/01) Tire piles have the potential to create an environmental and health hazards for residents in neighboring communities. Rainwater collects in the tire piles creating an ideal environment for mosquitoes, which are known to transmit disease to humans. Because the tires partially fill with water regardless of their position and absorb sunlight, they provide an ideal environment for hatched larva. Although tire dumps are sometimes associated with rodents, the primary problem has been various species of mosquitoes. (DEP-4/26/01) These mosquitos, Ades triseratus and Culex pipiens, transmit three strains of encephalitis: Lacrosse encephalitis, St Louis encephalitis, and the West Nile virus. Recentl...

Historical Profile of the Roman Republic

Historical Profile of the Roman Republic Rome was once just a little hilly city, but soon its capable fighters  and engineers took over the surrounding countryside, then the boot of Italy,  then the area around the Mediterranean Sea, and finally, even further, extending into Asia, Europe, and Africa. These Romans  lived in the Roman Republic   a  time period and a system of government.   The Meaning of Republic: The word republic comes from the Latin words for thing and of the people The res publica or respublica referred to the public property or the common weal, as the online Lewis and Short Latin dictionary defines it, but it could also mean the administration. Thus, the term republic as first employed as a description of Roman government had less baggage than it carries today. Do you see the connection between democracy and republic? The word democracy comes from Greek [demos the people; kratos strength/rule] and means rule of or by the people. The Rise of Democracy The Roman Republic Begins: The Romans, who were already fed up with their Etruscan kings, were spurred to action after a member of the royal family raped a patrician matron named Lucretia. The Roman people expelled their kings, driving them from Rome. Even the name of king (rex) had become hateful, a fact that becomes significant when the emperors took control as (but resisted the title of) king. Following the last of the kings, the Romans did what they were always good at copying what they saw around them and adapting it into a form that worked better. That form is what we call the Roman Republic, which endured for 5 centuries, beginning in the year 509 B.C., according to tradition. Tarquin, the Last King of RomeBrutus, Lucius Junius BrutusRape of LucretiaFamous Men of Rome The Government of the Roman Republic: 3 Branches of GovernmentHaving witnessed the problems of the monarchy on their own land, and aristocracy and democracy among the Greeks, when the Romans started the Republic, they opted for a mixed form of government, with 3 branches: consuls, senate, and an assembly of the people. Cursus HonorumAristocratic men were expected to follow a certain series of life events, from the military to the political. In the political sphere, you couldnt just decide you want to be consul and apply for the position. You had to be elected to other lesser offices first. Learn about of the magisterial offices and order in which they must be held. ComitiaAssemblies were an aspect of democratic government. There was an assembly of the centuries and an assembly of the tribes.ConsulsAt the top of the political ladder at least of the political offices were imperium (power), since there wee also censors who lacked imperium were the consuls (occasionally, dictators), two of which served for a period of a y ear. Consult this list of consuls for those pairs of men who held office during the period of the collapse of the Republic. Censors of the Roman RepublicCensors didnt rate movies in ancient Rome but did conduct the census. Here is a list of the censors of Rome during the Republican period. Periods of the Roman Republic: The Roman Republic followed the legendary period of kings, although history dosed heavily with legends continued into the period of the Roman Republic, with a more historical era only beginning after the Gauls sacked Rome [see the Battle of the Allia c. 387 B.C.]. The period of the Roman Republic may be further subdivided into: an early period, when Rome was expanding to the start of the Punic Wars (to c. 261 B.C.),a second period from the Punic Wars until the Gracchi and civil war (to 134) during which Rome came to dominate the Mediterranean, anda third period, from the Gracchi to the fall of the Republic (to 30 B.C.). Timeline for the End of the Roman Republic The Growth of the Roman Republic: Wars of the Roman RepublicRome emerged only gradually as the leader of Italy and then the Mediterranean. Starting in the legendary period under the kings, Rome had joined forces with Sabines (as in the rape of the Sabine women) and Etruscans (who ruled as kings of the Romans). During the Roman Republic, Rome formed treaties with neighboring villages and city-states to allow them to join forces either defensively or aggressively. Roman Treaties of the Roman RepublicDuring Romes early period of expansion, from the fall of the monarchy in 510 B.C. until the mid-third century, she gradually spread her dominion over the peninsula of Italy, making treaties with all the states she conquered. The Growth of RomeRome started gaining strength from about 510 B.C., when the Romans threw out their last king, until the middle of the 3rd century B.C. During this, the early Republican period, Rome made and broke strategic treaties with neighboring groups in order to help her conquer other city-state s. Expansion of Rome Beyond ItalyRome didnt initially set up to conquer the world, but it gradually did so, anyway. A side effect of its empire-building was the reduction of Republican Romes democratic policies. The End of the Roman Republic: Books on the Late Republic / Roman RevolutionSometimes it seems as though there is too much material on Rome around the time of Julius Caesar. Theres a reason for this many first-hand accounts a rarity in ancient history. The authors of the following books distil the Latin primary sources to present authoritative pictures of the Roman Republic when it was the dominant world power abroad but in revolt or chaos closer to home. Articles on the End of the Roman RepublicLook at the Gracchi brothers, the conflict between Sulla and Marius, external forces like Mithradates of Pontus and pirates, the social war, and other factors that strained the Roman republic and led to the formation of the first period of the Roman Empire, the Principate.

Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Cybercrime - Essay Example Data breaches can be combatted by propertizing data or by individual businesses informing consumers about their rights regarding the use of their data. Illegal downloads can be combatted by actions by the music artists themselves, as well as remedies that involve shutting down the sites that sponsor the downloads. Child pornography, in and of itself, is best combatted with legal means, such as criminal prosecution. However, the two types of pornography that are examined in this paper – extreme pornography between adults and child pornography that involves , characters - should be dealt with other means. The data breach section examines United States law, as does the section regarding illegal downloads. The pornography section involves UK law. Hence, the topics are examined with a multinational perspective, which is the best way to examine these topics, as these topics are global in nature. Cybercrime – Data Breaches One major example of cybercrime is the data breach, wh ich results in â€Å"the distribution of personal information 'beyond the bounds of...consent and expectations.'†1 These breaches may be the result of an unauthorized person accessing a company's database, or might be the result of an employee losing his or her laptop or other portable storage device. These are only some of the ways that breaches might result, and there are many more. 50% of the data breaches are committed by employees of the company that is breached.2 Breaches can lead to identity theft and fraud, such as when TJX Companies, Inc., the operator of TJ Maxx and Marshall stores in the United States, announced in January 2007 that it was the victim of a security breach, which exposed 94 million credit card records to outsiders, and these outsiders made fraudulent credit card purchases with this information about TJX customers.3 Since the cardholders had to pay for the fraudulent charges, not the individual customers, the banks who issued these cards filed suit ag ainst TJX an won a $41 million verdict ordering TJX to pay reimburse them for their losses.4 Moreover, since up to 400,000 of the TJX records included their customer's social security numbers and driver's license numbers, the thieves were able to steal identities as well.5 Stealing social security numbers is an infinitely more serious problem than accessing the individual's credit cards, as identity thieves are able to use the social security number to open up new accounts for which the individual is responsible, and gives the thief â€Å"virtual keys† to the victim's financial life,6 enabling the thief to â€Å"empty bank accounts, obtain credit cards, secure loans, open lines of credit, connect telephone services, and enroll in government benefits in the victim's name,†7 while merely stealing credit card information only leaves the individual with the inconvenience of having to close that particular account. Moreover, â€Å"[i]dentity thieves also commit crimes in t he victims names. A victim of criminal impersonation risks arrest and a criminal record for an identity thief's transgression†8 Breaches resulting in thefts of social security numbers are very expensive and time-consuming for the victims, as they spend an average of $1,000 in out of pocket expenses and 600 hours in personal time cleaning up the mess, and lose on average $16,791.9 The risks of social security numbers and other personal information falling into the wrong hands can also be deadly, as in the case